Installation Emergency Plans

Installation Emergency Plans — Natural, Technological, and Man-Made Hazards

Installation Plan Foundation

Plan Foundation

Installations must develop plans for the hazards likely to affect their areas based on:

Appropriate response procedures
Mitigation procedures
Recovery procedures

Plan Purpose

Installation emergency management plans provide comprehensive guidance for emergency responses to various incidents.

Three Hazard Categories

3 Hazard Categories.

Natural Disasters
Technological Hazards
Man-Made Hazards

Natural Disasters

Natural Disasters Definition

Non-routine events that occur and cause severe damage that may require assistance.

Natural Disaster Examples

This includes:

Hurricanes/typhoons
Tornadoes
Storms
High-water
High winds
Tidal waves
Tsunamis
Earthquakes
Volcanic eruptions
Landslides
Mudslides
Snowstorms
Fires
Floods
Explosions
Droughts

Technological Hazards

Technological Hazards Definition

Man-made events caused by:

A malfunction in a technological structure
Or human error in controlling the technology

Technological Hazard Severity

Technological disasters can be as serious as a natural disaster and can cause:

Loss of life or injury
Property damage
Social and economic disruptions
Environmental degradation

Tech Hazard Warning

They can happen with little to no warning.

Technological Hazard Examples

Examples include:

Hazardous materials release
Nuclear power plant failures

Man-Made Hazards

Man-Made Hazards Definition

A non-routine event that exceeds the capacity of the affected area to respond in a way that:

Saves lives
Preserves property
Maintains the affected region's social, ecological, economic, and political stability

Man-Made Hazard Examples

These disasters include:

Technological hazards (hazardous material releases and spills)
Acts of terrorism
Active shooters
Nuclear accidents
Crime
Arson
Civil disorder
War
Biological/chemical threat
Cyber-attacks
Pollution
Fires
Transportation accidents

Installation Emergency Plans — CBRN Hazards (Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear, TIC/TIM)

CBRN Foundation

CBRN Definition

CBRN hazards (Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear), to include toxic industrial chemicals and toxic industrial materials (TIC/TIMs), cause adverse effects through deliberate release and dissemination.

Emerging Threat

CBRN Emerging Threat

Terrorist threat or use of CBRN materials are an emerging transnational threat used as asymmetric measures of intent.

Defense Requirement

CBRN Defense Requirement

Defense against these threats requires ALL DAF personnel to:

Plan
Prepare
Respond
Recover from CBRN incidents

CBRN Reference

Each threat agent presents a unique hazard, more information regarding these threats can be found in DAFI 10-2503, *CBRN Defense Program*.

Chemical Agents

Chemical Agents Definition

A chemical substance that is intended for use in military operations to:

Kill
Seriously injure
Or incapacitate

…mainly through its physiological effects.

Chemical Agent Categories

5 Chemical Agent Categories

Chemical agents, categorized according to their physiological effects, include:

Lung damaging agents (choking)
Blister agents
Blood agents
Incapacitating agents
Nerve agents

Primary Threats

Chemical Primary Threats

Due to their persistent nature, nerve and blister agents pose as a primary threat to air bases.

Biological Agents

Biological Agents Definition

A microorganism (or a toxin derived from it) that causes:

Disease in personnel, plants, or animals
Or causes the deterioration of materiel

Biological Agent Types

Biological agents include:

Viruses
Bacteria
Fungi
Toxins cultured from living organisms

Biological Agent Forms

These agents may be found as:

Liquid droplets
Aerosols
Dry powders

Symptom Delay

Symptoms of biological attacks may NOT be experienced immediately after contact. Each agent has a different exposure (incubation) period before infection.

Radiological and Nuclear

Radiation Definition

Radiation is a broad term that applies to a wide range of phenomena.

Nonionizing vs Ionizing Radiation

Nonionizing Radiation

Nonionizing radiation includes:

Light (infrared to ultraviolet)
Radiofrequency emissions
Microwaves

Nonionizing Effect

Nonionizing radiation produces heat when it interacts with the body.

Ionizing Radiation

Ionizing radiation has sufficient energy to produce ions when it interacts with matter (including the human body).

Radiation Cellular Effect

Radiation causes harmful effects as it alters or destroys cell processes and structures essential for the normal functioning of cells.

Nuclear Detonation Concerns

Nuclear Detonation Primary Concerns

The primary concerns of a nuclear detonation include:

Blast/shock
Thermal radiation (heat)
Ionizing radiation
Ballistic debris (for surface and shallow subsurface bursts)

EMP Hazard

Nuclear blasts may also pose an electromagnetic pulse hazard that can cause widespread communications or electrical problems.

Toxic Industrial Chemical (TIC)

TIC Definition

A chemical developed or manufactured for use in industrial operations or research by industry, government, or academia that poses a hazard.

Toxic Industrial Material (TIM)

TIM Definition

A generic term for:

Toxic, chemical, biological, or radioactive substances
In solid, liquid, aerosolized, or gaseous form

…that may be used or stored for industrial, commercial, medical, military, or domestic purposes.

TIM Hazards

Most toxic industrial materials:

Present a vapor (inhalation) hazard
May reduce the oxygen concentration below that required to support life

TIM Response

TIM Response Action

In the event of a toxic industrial material incident, the MOST important action is to immediately evacuate to an area outside the hazard's path, if feasible.

Protective Mask Limitation

TIM Mask Limitation

The protective mask, ensemble, and military standard collective protection filters are NOT designed to provide protection from toxic industrial materials.

TIM Shelter-in-Place

If evacuation is impractical, implement shelter-in-place procedures.