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AFH 1 · Chapter 22 · Section 22.9

Fitness Assessment Components - Explained

Part of Force Development · 2 sections · ~535 words · WAPS PFE study material

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Muscular Fitness Explained

Components Covered

To assess total fitness, the fitness assessment components include:

  • Muscular fitness (push-ups and sit-ups)
  • Aerobic fitness

Muscular Strength vs. Endurance

Two Aspects of Muscular Fitness.
  • Muscular Strength — the maximum force generated by a specific muscle or muscle group
  • Muscular Endurance — the ability of a muscle group to execute repeated contractions over a period of sufficient time to cause muscular fatigue

Why Muscular Fitness Matters

Muscular fitness:

  • Helps with metabolism
  • Strengthens connective tissue
  • Increases bone density
  • Helps facilitate recovery from physical activity
  • Helps prevent injury
  • May increase cardiorespiratory fitness
  • May improve mood and self-image

Resistance Training Methods

Muscular fitness resistance training includes:

  • Calisthenics
  • Plyometrics
  • Field exercises
  • Weight/object training — machines, free weights, medicine balls, kettle bells, bands, cables, and ropes

Movement Patterns

Movement patterns can include:

- Running, bending, twisting, squatting, pulling, and pushing

Body Region Targets

Body regions that can be targeted include:

  • Core
  • Lower body
  • Upper body
  • Whole body
Variety Principle
By incorporating a variety of combinations of muscular fitness resistance training, weight/object training, and movement patterns, a wide range of exercises are available for a challenging, engaging workout routine.

Aerobic Fitness Explained

Definition

Aerobic Fitness Definition
Cardiorespiratory endurance, known as aerobic fitness, is the ability to perform large muscle, dynamic, moderate-to-high intensity exercise for prolonged periods.

What It Depends On

Performance of such exercise depends on the functional state of the:

  • Respiratory system
  • Cardiovascular system
  • Skeletal muscle systems

…more simply defined as the ability to produce energy.

Aerobic Activity Modes

Many modes of activity meet aerobic activity requirements:

  • Cross-country skiing
  • Running
  • Cycling
  • Swimming
  • Skating
  • Rowing
  • Walking
  • Aerobic dance
  • Indoor aerobic exercise machines
  • Sports that require continuous physical exertion

What Aerobic Fitness Determines

Aerobic Capacity Outcome
The level of aerobic fitness determines how long and how hard a person can exercise.

Moderately Intense Aerobic Activity

Moderate Aerobic
Continuous exercise that:
  • Raises heart and respiratory rates
  • Initiates sweating (varies with climate)
  • Permits conversation or controlled breathing
Moderate Goal
Aim for at least 30 minutes a day / 5 days a week.

Vigorously Intense Aerobic Activity

Vigorous Aerobic
Elicits higher physiological responses and permits light or broken conversation.
Vigorous Goal
Aim for at least 20 – 25 minutes a day / 3 days a week.

Intensity Calculations

Most Important Variable
Intensity is considered the most important variable in training.

It can be measured by:

  • Percentage of maximal oxygen consumed
  • Percentage of maximal heart rate
Calculation Resources
Various approaches are available for calculating training intensity. USAF fitness personnel can help determine calculations to safely achieve individual fitness preferences and objectives.

Key Reminder

Heart Rate Goal
The key thing to remember when exercising is to elevate your heart rate to a safe level to achieve the desired training effect.
Adjustment Variables
Adjustments in mode, frequency, duration, and intensity may be necessary to reach higher levels of health and fitness.

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